See (s)mel- on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "a lie",
"word": "mẽlas"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"word": "*melas"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*(s)mél-o-s"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "méleos",
"sense": "idle, useless",
"word": "μέλεος"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"word": "*mélehos"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*(s)mél-es-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "unpleasant, bad",
"word": "malus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Oscan",
"lang_code": "osc",
"word": "mallom"
},
{
"lang": "Oscan",
"lang_code": "osc",
"word": "malom"
},
{
"lang": "Oscan",
"lang_code": "osc",
"word": "mallud"
},
{
"lang": "Oscan",
"lang_code": "osc",
"sense": "bad, evil",
"word": "malud"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*malwos"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Oscan",
"lang_code": "osc",
"word": "mallom"
},
{
"lang": "Oscan",
"lang_code": "osc",
"word": "malom"
},
{
"lang": "Oscan",
"lang_code": "osc",
"word": "mallud"
},
{
"lang": "Oscan",
"lang_code": "osc",
"sense": "bad, evil",
"word": "malud"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*malyos"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*malos"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tocharian A",
"lang_code": "xto",
"sense": "a lie",
"word": "smale"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Tocharian",
"lang_code": "ine-toc-pro"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*(s)mól-o-s"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "meġkʻ",
"word": "մեղք"
},
{
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "mełmex",
"word": "մեղմեխ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "meł",
"sense": "sin, crime",
"word": "մեղ"
}
],
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*(s)mel-s-eh₂"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "to destroy",
"word": "millid"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"sense": "error, confusion",
"word": "mell"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"sense": "destruction, confusion",
"word": "*mellos"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*(s)mel-s-os"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "blắsphēmos",
"word": "βλᾰ́σφημος"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"word": "*mləspʰāmos"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*(s)ml̥-s-bʰeh₂-mo-s"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "moł",
"word": "մող"
},
{
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "molim",
"word": "մոլիմ"
},
{
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "molorim",
"word": "մոլորիմ"
}
],
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"tags": [
"derived"
]
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"id": "bad",
"pos": "root"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; the connection between each form is semantically fine, however their isolation makes this reconstruction suspect.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "*mel-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*(s)mal-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "*(s)mel-",
"name": "ine-root"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)mel-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CReR-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots with s-mobile",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"false, erroneous"
],
"id": "en-(s)mel--ine-pro-root-rLzKroXA",
"links": [
[
"false",
"false"
],
[
"erroneous",
"erroneous"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bad, evil"
],
"id": "en-(s)mel--ine-pro-root-7cHqcESm",
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"evil",
"evil"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "(s)mel-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Proto-Indo-European CReR-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with etymon",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"Proto-Indo-European roots with s-mobile",
"Proto-Indo-European terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "a lie",
"word": "mẽlas"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"word": "*melas"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*(s)mél-o-s"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "méleos",
"sense": "idle, useless",
"word": "μέλεος"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"word": "*mélehos"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*(s)mél-es-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "unpleasant, bad",
"word": "malus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Oscan",
"lang_code": "osc",
"word": "mallom"
},
{
"lang": "Oscan",
"lang_code": "osc",
"word": "malom"
},
{
"lang": "Oscan",
"lang_code": "osc",
"word": "mallud"
},
{
"lang": "Oscan",
"lang_code": "osc",
"sense": "bad, evil",
"word": "malud"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*malwos"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Oscan",
"lang_code": "osc",
"word": "mallom"
},
{
"lang": "Oscan",
"lang_code": "osc",
"word": "malom"
},
{
"lang": "Oscan",
"lang_code": "osc",
"word": "mallud"
},
{
"lang": "Oscan",
"lang_code": "osc",
"sense": "bad, evil",
"word": "malud"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*malyos"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*malos"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tocharian A",
"lang_code": "xto",
"sense": "a lie",
"word": "smale"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Tocharian",
"lang_code": "ine-toc-pro"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*(s)mól-o-s"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "meġkʻ",
"word": "մեղք"
},
{
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "mełmex",
"word": "մեղմեխ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "meł",
"sense": "sin, crime",
"word": "մեղ"
}
],
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*(s)mel-s-eh₂"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "to destroy",
"word": "millid"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"sense": "error, confusion",
"word": "mell"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"sense": "destruction, confusion",
"word": "*mellos"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*(s)mel-s-os"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "blắsphēmos",
"word": "βλᾰ́σφημος"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"word": "*mləspʰāmos"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*(s)ml̥-s-bʰeh₂-mo-s"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "moł",
"word": "մող"
},
{
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "molim",
"word": "մոլիմ"
},
{
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "molorim",
"word": "մոլորիմ"
}
],
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"tags": [
"derived"
]
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"id": "bad",
"pos": "root"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; the connection between each form is semantically fine, however their isolation makes this reconstruction suspect.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "*mel-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*(s)mal-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "*(s)mel-",
"name": "ine-root"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)mel-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"false, erroneous"
],
"links": [
[
"false",
"false"
],
[
"erroneous",
"erroneous"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bad, evil"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"evil",
"evil"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "(s)mel-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for (s)mel- meaning in All languages combined (4.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.